@PhDThesis{Boggione:2014:AvReEs,
author = "Boggione, Giovanni de Araujo",
title = "Avalia{\c{c}}{\~a}o da resolu{\c{c}}{\~a}o espacial de
sensores {\'o}pticos orbitais",
school = "Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)",
year = "2014",
address = "S{\~a}o Jos{\'e} dos Campos",
month = "2014-01-20",
keywords = "resolu{\c{c}}{\~a}o espacial, Zernike, EIFOV,
simula{\c{c}}{\~a}o, MTF, spatial resolution, Zernike, EIFOV,
simulation, MTF.",
abstract = "Uma forma de avaliar a qualidade espacial de sensores
eletro-{\'o}pticos a bordo de sat{\'e}lites {\'e} por meio da
Fun{\c{c}}{\~a}o de Espalhamento Pontual (\emph{PSF-Point
Spread Function}), no dom{\'{\i}}nio do espa{\c{c}}o, ou
Fun{\c{c}}{\~a}o de Transfer{\^e}ncia de Modula{\c{c}}{\~a}o
(\emph{MTF-Modulation Transfer Function}) no dom{\'{\i}}nio da
frequ{\^e}ncia. Medidas da MTF ou PSF do sistema s{\~a}o
realizadas antes do lan{\c{c}}amento, em laborat{\'o}rio, e
tamb{\'e}m durante a vida {\'u}til do sat{\'e}lite para avaliar
e monitorar o desempenho do sistema em {\'o}rbita. Estas
fun{\c{c}}{\~o}es caracterizam a resposta espacial do sensor e
por meio delas pode-se calcular a resolu{\c{c}}{\~a}o espacial
efetiva, conhecida por EIFOV (\emph{Effective Instantaneous Field
of View}), que leva em conta as distor{\c{c}}{\~o}es inseridas
pelo sensor. Geralmente, a resolu{\c{c}}{\~a}o efetiva do sensor
{\'e} pior do que a resolu{\c{c}}{\~a}o nominal especificada no
projeto do sistema. Dentro deste contexto, esta tese apresenta um
novo m{\'e}todo de estima{\c{c}}{\~a}o da MTF de sensores
eletro-{\'o}pticos orbitais. Este m{\'e}todo {\'e} baseado nos
Polin{\^o}mios de Zernike usados para avaliar a
deforma{\c{c}}{\~a}o de sistemas {\'o}pticos e que podem
assumir, praticamente, qualquer forma. Para validar o m{\'e}todo
de estima{\c{c}}{\~a}o da MTF, v{\'a}rios experimentos foram
realizados com dados dos sensores TM do Landsat-5 (TM-5), e CCD e
HRC do CBERS-2B (Sat{\'e}lite Sino-Brasileiro de Recursos
Terrestres). Os resultados mostraram que os valores de EIFOV para
o TM-5 ficaram pr{\'o}ximos aos valores especificados no projeto,
com varia{\c{c}}{\~a}o aproximada de 7,1\% e 6,3\% nas
dire{\c{c}}{\~o}es \emph{Along-track e Across-track},
respectivamente. No caso das c{\^a}meras CCD e HRC, os valores de
EIFOV foram piores do que os especificados no projeto, com
varia{\c{c}}{\~a}o aproximada de 19,3\% e 103\% nas
dire{\c{c}}{\~o}es \emph{Along-track} e \emph{Across-track},
respectivamente. Valores de MTF e EIFOV para o sensor
\emph{Operational Land Imager} (OLI) do Landsat-8 tamb{\'e}m
foram avaliados e os resultados mostraram que o desempenho do
sistema est{\'a} conforme o especificado. Neste trabalho, um novo
m{\'e}todo para simula{\c{c}}{\~a}o de imagens de sensores
{\'o}pticos tamb{\'e}m {\'e} proposto. Para avaliar o
m{\'e}todo de simula{\c{c}}{\~a}o proposto, imagens TM-5 e CCD
foram simuladas a partir de imagens de melhor
resolu{\c{c}}{\~a}o espacial e comparadas {\`a}s imagens reais,
cujos resultados mostraram a efic{\'a}cia da metodologia.
Finalmente, um estudo de caso {\'e} apresentado para mostrar como
o m{\'e}todo de simula{\c{c}}{\~a}o pode ser usado em
aplica{\c{c}}{\~o}es de sensoriamento remoto. Uma imagem da
c{\^a}mera \emph{MUX} do CBERS-4 foi simulada, usando os
par{\^a}metros especificados no projeto e classificada em quatro
classes de cobertura do solo: vegeta{\c{c}}{\~a}o arb{\'o}rea,
desmatamento, queimadas e corpos d\${'}\${\'a}gua. Os
resultados sugerem que a c{\^a}mera MUX apresentar{\'a} melhor
capacidade de discrimina{\c{c}}{\~a}o entre as classes, para a
aplica{\c{c}}{\~a}o analisada, quando comparada ao sensor TM-5.
ABSTRACT: One way to characterize the quality of electro-optical
imaging systems on board remote sensing satellites is through the
Point Spread Function (PSF), in the space domain, or through the
Modulation Transfer Function (MTF) in the frequency domain.
Measurements of the camera MTF or PSF are made on the ground prior
to launch as well as while the satellite is in orbit in order to
evaluate and monitor the complete system performance. The MTF or
PSF can be used to calculate the effective spatial resolution
(EIFOV - Effective Instantaneous Field of View), which takes into
account the sensor distortions that produces a blurring effect in
the image. The effective spatial resolution is usually worse than
the nominal resolution specified in the sensor project. Therefore,
this thesis presents an innovative methodology to estimate the MTF
of sensors on board satellites based on Zernike polynomials, which
are used to evaluate the optical systems deformation. To validate
the MTF estimation method several experiments were conducted with
data acquired from TM of Landsat-5, and CCD and HRC from CBERS-2B
(China Brazil Earth Resources Satellite). The results showed that
the EIFOV values obtained for TM-Landsat-5 were close to the
expected values with variations of 7.1\% and 6.3\%, in the
\emph{Along-track and Across-track} directions, respectively. In
the case of CCD-CBERS-2B and HRC-CBERS-2B, the EIFOV values were
worse than those specified in the system project with variations
of 19.3\% and 103\% in the \emph{Along-track and Across-track}
directions, respectively. MTF and EIFOV values for the OLI
(Operational Land Imager) on board Landsat-8 were also estimated,
which are in conformity with the system project. This work also
presents a new image simulation method for sensors on board
satellite. To evaluate the proposed image simulation method, TM-5
and CCD-CBERS-2B images were simulated from images acquired from
higher spatial resolution systems and then compared to real
images. Finally, a case study is presented to show how the image
simulation can be used in remote sensing applications. A MUX image
from CBERS-4 was simulated using the parameters specified in the
system project and then classified into four land cover classes:
woody vegetation, deforestation, fire, and water bodies. The
results suggest that classification obtained from simulated MUX
images was better than the one from TM-5 images in terms of
discrimination among the classes.",
committee = "Epiphanio, Jos{\'e} Carlos Neves (presidente) and Fonseca, Leila
Maria Garcia (orientadora) and Ponzoni, Fl{\'a}vio Jorge
(orientador) and Ferreira, Nilson Clementino and Puig, Salvador
Bosch",
englishtitle = "Evaluation of spatial resolution of optical sensors",
language = "pt",
pages = "157",
ibi = "8JMKD3MGP5W34M/3FTJFGE",
url = "http://urlib.net/ibi/8JMKD3MGP5W34M/3FTJFGE",
targetfile = "publicacao.pdf",
urlaccessdate = "27 abr. 2024"
}